在新能源利用領(lǐng)域，沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組通過轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)物排泄物中的能量，實(shí)現(xiàn)了廢棄物的資源化利用，既解決了環(huán)境污染問題，又提供了清潔電力。這一過程涉及多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的協(xié)同運(yùn)作，將看似無用的動(dòng)物排泄物轉(zhuǎn)化為寶貴的能源，展現(xiàn)了循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的獨(dú)特價(jià)值。

　　In the field of new energy utilization, biogas generators convert energy from animal excrement to achieve resource utilization of waste, solving environmental pollution problems and providing clean electricity. This process involves the collaborative operation of multiple links, converting seemingly useless animal excrement into valuable energy, demonstrating the unique value of the circular economy.

　　動(dòng)物排泄物的收集與預(yù)處理是沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組利用的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)。養(yǎng)殖場的豬、牛、雞等動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生的糞便，通過專門的收集系統(tǒng)匯聚到儲(chǔ)存池。為了提高后續(xù)發(fā)酵效率，需要對排泄物進(jìn)行預(yù)處理：首先去除其中的粗纖維、砂石等雜質(zhì)，避免這些物質(zhì)進(jìn)入發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)后造成管道堵塞或設(shè)備磨損；然后將排泄物與適量的水混合，調(diào)節(jié)物料的固體含量，使其達(dá)到適宜發(fā)酵的濃度。預(yù)處理后的物料質(zhì)地均勻，能更好地與微生物接觸，為沼氣的產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造有利條件。

　　The collection and pretreatment of animal excrement is a fundamental step in the utilization of biogas generators. The feces produced by pigs, cows, chickens and other animals in the breeding farm are collected through a specialized collection system and stored in a storage pool. In order to improve the subsequent fermentation efficiency, it is necessary to pretreat the excrement: first, remove impurities such as coarse fibers and sand, to avoid pipeline blockage or equipment wear caused by these substances entering the fermentation system; Then mix the excrement with an appropriate amount of water, adjust the solid content of the material to reach a concentration suitable for fermentation. The pre treated material has a uniform texture and can better come into contact with microorganisms, creating favorable conditions for the production of biogas.

　　厭氧發(fā)酵是將動(dòng)物排泄物轉(zhuǎn)化為沼氣的核心過程。預(yù)處理后的物料被送入?yún)捬醢l(fā)酵罐，罐內(nèi)存在大量的產(chǎn)甲烷菌等微生物。在密閉、缺氧的環(huán)境中，這些微生物通過新陳代謝作用，將排泄物中的有機(jī)物（如碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪等）逐步分解。首先，復(fù)雜的有機(jī)物被分解為簡單的有機(jī)酸、醇類等中間產(chǎn)物；隨后，產(chǎn)甲烷菌進(jìn)一步將這些中間產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化為甲烷和二氧化碳的混合氣體，即沼氣。發(fā)酵過程中，需要嚴(yán)格控制溫度、pH 值和攪拌頻率：中溫發(fā)酵（30-38℃）或高溫發(fā)酵（50-55℃）能顯著提高微生物活性，pH 值維持在 6.5-7.5 的中性范圍可避免微生物受到抑制，而攪拌則能讓物料與微生物充分接觸，加快反應(yīng)速度。經(jīng)過 20-30 天的發(fā)酵周期，沼氣中的甲烷含量可達(dá)到 50%-70%，具備了作為燃料的條件。

　　Anaerobic fermentation is the core process of converting animal excrement into biogas. The pre treated material is sent to an anaerobic fermentation tank, which contains a large number of methane producing bacteria and other microorganisms. In a closed and oxygen deficient environment, these microorganisms gradually break down organic matter (such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.) in their excreta through metabolic processes. Firstly, complex organic compounds are decomposed into intermediate products such as simple organic acids and alcohols; Subsequently, methane producing bacteria further convert these intermediate products into a mixed gas of methane and carbon dioxide, namely biogas. During the fermentation process, it is necessary to strictly control the temperature, pH value, and stirring frequency: medium temperature fermentation (30-38 ℃) or high temperature fermentation (50-55 ℃) can significantly improve microbial activity, maintaining a neutral pH value in the range of 6.5-7.5 can avoid microbial inhibition, while stirring can allow the material to fully contact microorganisms and accelerate the reaction rate. After a fermentation cycle of 20-30 days, the methane content in biogas can reach 50% -70%, which meets the conditions for use as fuel.

　　沼氣的凈化與儲(chǔ)存為發(fā)電機(jī)組的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行提供保障。剛從發(fā)酵罐排出的沼氣中含有硫化氫、水分、粉塵等雜質(zhì)，這些雜質(zhì)會(huì)腐蝕發(fā)電機(jī)組的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，影響其使用壽命和運(yùn)行效率。因此，沼氣需要經(jīng)過凈化處理：通過脫硫裝置去除硫化氫，常用的干法脫硫利用氧化鐵等吸附劑吸附硫化氫，濕法脫硫則通過化學(xué)溶液吸收硫化氫；脫水裝置則采用冷卻或吸附的方式去除沼氣中的水分，使沼氣露點(diǎn)降低到一定溫度以下。凈化后的沼氣被儲(chǔ)存到儲(chǔ)氣柜中，儲(chǔ)氣柜能根據(jù)發(fā)電機(jī)組的用氣需求調(diào)節(jié)沼氣供應(yīng)量，確保進(jìn)氣壓力穩(wěn)定，避免因氣量波動(dòng)導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行不穩(wěn)定。

　　The purification and storage of biogas provide a guarantee for the stable operation of power generation units. The biogas just discharged from the fermentation tank contains impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, moisture, dust, etc. These impurities can corrode the engine of the generator set, affecting its service life and operating efficiency. Therefore, biogas needs to undergo purification treatment: removing hydrogen sulfide through desulfurization devices, commonly used dry desulfurization uses adsorbents such as iron oxide to adsorb hydrogen sulfide, and wet desulfurization absorbs hydrogen sulfide through chemical solutions; The dehydration device uses cooling or adsorption to remove moisture from biogas, reducing the dew point of biogas to below a certain temperature. The purified biogas is stored in a gas storage tank, which can adjust the biogas supply according to the gas demand of the generator set, ensuring stable intake pressure and avoiding unstable operation of the generator set due to gas volume fluctuations.

　　沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組將沼氣的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。凈化后的沼氣經(jīng)管道輸送至發(fā)電機(jī)組的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)與空氣混合后被點(diǎn)燃，發(fā)生燃燒反應(yīng)，釋放出大量熱能。熱能推動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的活塞做往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，帶動(dòng)曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，將熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能。與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相連的發(fā)電機(jī)，通過電磁感應(yīng)原理，將機(jī)械能進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。產(chǎn)生的電能經(jīng)過穩(wěn)壓、整流等處理后，可直接供給養(yǎng)殖場的照明、供暖等設(shè)備使用，多余的電能還能并入電網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)能源的對外輸出。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作過程中產(chǎn)生的余熱，還可以通過余熱回收裝置收集，用于加熱發(fā)酵罐或養(yǎng)殖場的熱水供應(yīng)，提高能源的綜合利用效率。

　　The biogas generator unit converts the chemical energy of biogas into electrical energy. The purified biogas is transported through pipelines to the engine of the generator set, where it is ignited by mixing with air and undergoing combustion reactions, releasing a large amount of heat energy. Thermal energy drives the piston of the engine to perform reciprocating motion, driving the crankshaft to rotate and converting thermal energy into mechanical energy. The generator connected to the engine further converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction. After being stabilized and rectified, the generated electricity can be directly supplied to the lighting, heating and other equipment in the breeding farm. The excess electricity can also be integrated into the power grid to achieve external energy output. The waste heat generated during the operation of the engine can also be collected through a waste heat recovery device and used to heat the hot water supply of fermentation tanks or breeding farms, improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy.

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