生物質(zhì)發(fā)電是利用生物質(zhì)所具有的生物質(zhì)能進(jìn)行的發(fā)電，是可再生能源發(fā)電的一種，包括農(nóng)林廢棄物直接燃燒發(fā)電、農(nóng)林廢棄物氣化發(fā)電、垃圾焚燒發(fā)電、垃圾填埋氣發(fā)電、沼氣發(fā)電。世界生物質(zhì)發(fā)電起源于20世紀(jì)70年代，當(dāng)時(shí)，世界性的石油危機(jī)爆發(fā)后，丹麥開始積極開發(fā)清潔的可再生能源，大力推行秸稈等生物質(zhì)發(fā)電。自1990年以來(lái)，生物質(zhì)發(fā)電在歐美許多國(guó)家開始大力發(fā)展。
Biomass power generation is a kind of renewable energy power generation using biomass energy, including direct combustion of agricultural and forestry wastes, gasification of agricultural and forestry wastes, waste incineration power generation, landfill gas power generation, and biogas power generation. World biomass power generation originated in the 1970s. At that time, after the outbreak of the world oil crisis, Denmark began to actively develop clean renewable energy and vigorously promote biomass power generation such as straw. Since 1990, biomass power generation has been vigorously developed in many European and American countries.
二、生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電的原理
2、 The principle of biomass power generation
發(fā)電原理：與燃煤發(fā)電原理相同。物質(zhì)直接燃燒發(fā)電與燃煤火力發(fā)電在原理上沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別，主要區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在原料上，火力發(fā)電的原料是煤，而直接燃燒發(fā)電的原料主要是農(nóng)林廢棄物和秸稈。直接燃燒發(fā)電是把生物質(zhì)原料送入適合生物質(zhì)燃燒的特定蒸汽鍋爐中，產(chǎn)生蒸汽，驅(qū)動(dòng)蒸汽機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)從而帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。
Power generation principle: the same as that of coal-fired power generation. There is no essential difference between the principle of material direct combustion power generation and coal-fired thermal power generation. The main difference is reflected in the raw material. The raw material of thermal power generation is coal, while the raw material of direct combustion power generation is mainly agricultural and forestry waste and straw. Direct combustion power generation is to send biomass raw materials into a specific steam boiler suitable for biomass combustion, generate steam, drive the steam engine to rotate and drive the generator to generate electricity.
具體流程如下：將秸稈等生物質(zhì)加工成適于鍋爐燃燒的形式(粉狀或塊狀)，送入鍋爐內(nèi)充分燃燒，使儲(chǔ)存于生物質(zhì)燃料中的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變成熱能;鍋爐內(nèi)的水燒熱后產(chǎn)生飽和蒸汽，飽和蒸汽在過熱器內(nèi)繼續(xù)加熱成過熱蒸汽進(jìn)入汽輪機(jī)，驅(qū)動(dòng)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組旋轉(zhuǎn)，將蒸汽的內(nèi)能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能，后由發(fā)電機(jī)將機(jī)械能變成電能。
The specific process is as follows: process straw and other biomass into a form suitable for boiler combustion (powder or block), and send it into the boiler for full combustion, so that the chemical energy stored in the biomass fuel can be converted into heat energy; After the water in the boiler is heated, saturated steam will be generated. The saturated steam will continue to be heated into superheated steam in the superheater and enter the steam turbine to drive the steam turbine generator unit to rotate, convert the internal energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and finally turn the mechanical energy into electrical energy by the generator.

生物質(zhì)發(fā)電廠的發(fā)電設(shè)備和同樣規(guī)模的燃煤發(fā)電設(shè)備是非常相似的，目前我國(guó)大多數(shù)生物質(zhì)直燃發(fā)電廠內(nèi)所使用的燃燒工具主要包括生物質(zhì)水冷振動(dòng)爐排鍋爐、生物質(zhì)循環(huán)流化床鍋爐以及聯(lián)合爐排鍋爐， 其中運(yùn)用廣泛的是水冷振動(dòng)爐排鍋爐。蒸汽發(fā)電機(jī)組多采用高溫高壓抽凝式汽輪機(jī)組。
The power generation equipment of biomass power plants and coal-fired power generation equipment of the same scale are very similar. At present, the combustion tools used in most biomass direct-fired power plants in China mainly include biomass water-cooled vibrating grate boilers, biomass circulating fluidized bed boilers and combined grate boilers, of which the water-cooled vibrating grate boilers are the most widely used. High temperature and high pressure condensing steam turbine units are mostly used for steam generator units.
三、生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
3、 Advantages and disadvantages of biomass power generation
生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
Advantages of biomass power generation:
①生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電在可再生 能源發(fā)電中電能質(zhì)量好、可靠性高，比小水電、風(fēng)電和太陽(yáng)能發(fā) 電等間歇性發(fā)電要好得多，可以作為小水電、風(fēng)電、太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電的補(bǔ)充能源，具有很高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值
① Biomass power generation has good power quality and high reliability in renewable energy generation, which is much better than intermittent power generation such as small hydropower, wind power and solar power generation. It can be used as a supplementary energy for small hydropower, wind power and solar power generation, and has high economic value
②生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電廠基本上都 可以建設(shè)在縣城的工業(yè)園區(qū)內(nèi)，因此生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電廠可以直接就 地進(jìn)行上網(wǎng)供電;③生物質(zhì)電廠的建設(shè)有利于電源合理布局，有利于降低電網(wǎng)的線損，有利于電網(wǎng)的節(jié)能降損。
② Basically, biomass power plants can be built in the industrial park of the county, so biomass power plants can directly supply power to the grid locally; ③ The construction of biomass power plant is conducive to the rational distribution of power supply, the reduction of line loss of power grid, and the energy conservation and loss reduction of power grid.
生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電的缺點(diǎn)：
Disadvantages of biomass power generation:
①建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)成本相對(duì)較高
① Relatively high construction and operation costs
②技術(shù)幵發(fā)能力和產(chǎn)業(yè)體系薄弱。
② The technological development capacity and industrial system are weak.