煤礦低濃度瓦斯利用

　　Utilization of low concentration gas in coal mines

　　2025年初，生態(tài)環(huán)境部會(huì)同國(guó)家能源局、國(guó)家礦山安全監(jiān)察局正式發(fā)布《溫室氣體自愿減排項(xiàng)目方法學(xué) 甲烷體積濃度低于8%的煤礦低濃度瓦斯和風(fēng)排瓦斯利用》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱方法學(xué)）。方法學(xué)明確提出，符合條件的甲烷體積濃度低于8%的煤礦低濃度瓦斯和風(fēng)排瓦斯利用項(xiàng)目可申請(qǐng)CCER。CCER：國(guó)家核證自愿減排量（Chinese Certified Emission Reduction, 以下簡(jiǎn)稱為“CCER”），是指對(duì)我國(guó)境內(nèi)可再生能源、林業(yè)碳匯、甲烷利用等項(xiàng)目的溫室氣體減排效果進(jìn)行量化核證，并在國(guó)家溫室氣體自愿減排交易注冊(cè)登記系統(tǒng)中登記的溫室氣體減排量。    簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)：可以申請(qǐng)CCER的項(xiàng)目，不僅可以有項(xiàng)目本身的收益，還有項(xiàng)目因?yàn)闇p少溫室氣體排放，帶來(lái)額外的環(huán)境收益。

　　At the beginning of 2025, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with the National Energy Administration and the National Mining Safety Supervision Bureau, officially released the "Methodology for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Reduction Projects - Utilization of Low Concentration Methane and Ventilated Methane in Coal Mines with Methane Volume Concentrations Below 8%" (hereinafter referred to as the Methodology). The methodology clearly states that coal mine low concentration gas and exhaust gas utilization projects with methane volume concentration below 8% that meet the conditions can apply for CCER. CCER (Chinese Certified Emission Reduction) refers to the quantitative verification of the greenhouse gas emission reduction effects of renewable energy, forestry carbon sinks, methane utilization and other projects in China, and the registration of greenhouse gas emission reductions in the national greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading registration system. Simply put, applying for CCER projects not only brings benefits to the project itself, but also additional environmental benefits due to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

　　為什么是煤礦  煤礦瓦斯（主要成分“甲烷”）是煤礦開(kāi)采過(guò)程中的煤層伴生氣，煤炭甲烷逃逸排放是我國(guó)主要的人為甲烷排放源之一。根據(jù)我國(guó)公布的溫室氣體清單，2018年，煤炭開(kāi)采的甲烷排放量為5.3億噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量，占全國(guó)甲烷排放總量的39.3%、全國(guó)溫室氣體排放總量的4.5%。

　　Why is coal mine gas (mainly composed of "methane") the associated gas of coal seams during coal mining, and coal methane escape emissions are one of the main anthropogenic methane emission sources in China. According to the greenhouse gas inventory released by China, in 2018, the methane emissions from coal mining were 530 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, accounting for 39.3% of the total national methane emissions and 4.5% of the total national greenhouse gas emissions.

　　煤礦瓦斯利用是煤炭開(kāi)采行業(yè)甲烷減排的有效途徑，對(duì)于提高煤礦安全生產(chǎn)水平，增加清潔能源供應(yīng)，控制和減少溫室氣體排放意義重大，有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙碳”目標(biāo)。

　　The utilization of coal mine gas is an effective way to reduce methane emissions in the coal mining industry. It is of great significance for improving coal mine safety production level, increasing clean energy supply, controlling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and helping to achieve the "dual carbon" goal.

　　如何利用  將甲烷體積濃度低于 8%的煤礦低濃度瓦斯和風(fēng)排瓦斯利用項(xiàng)目是將煤礦瓦斯利用無(wú)焰氧化技術(shù)進(jìn)行分解銷毀，并利用分解產(chǎn)生的熱能發(fā)電、供熱，避免甲烷直接排放，避免項(xiàng)目所在區(qū)域電網(wǎng)的其他并網(wǎng)發(fā)電廠（包括可能的新建發(fā)電廠）發(fā)電產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放，避免既有或擬建的供熱設(shè)施產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放。

　　How to utilize low concentration coal mine gas with a methane volume concentration of less than 8% and wind exhaust gas utilization project is to decompose and destroy coal mine gas using flameless oxidation technology, and use the thermal energy generated by decomposition to generate electricity and heat, avoiding direct methane emissions and greenhouse gas emissions from other grid connected power plants (including possible new power plants) in the project area, and avoiding greenhouse gas emissions from existing or planned heating facilities.

　　減排原理  通過(guò)完全燃燒甲烷，使其轉(zhuǎn)換為二氧化碳和水，從而降低溫室氣體排放（相同重量的甲烷所產(chǎn)生溫室氣體效應(yīng)為二氧化碳的28倍）?；鶞?zhǔn)線場(chǎng)景：煤礦低濃度瓦斯和風(fēng)排瓦斯直接排空。  項(xiàng)目場(chǎng)景：利用低濃度瓦斯和風(fēng)排瓦斯，通過(guò)無(wú)焰氧化裝置（RTO/RCO）分解銷毀，或分解銷毀后產(chǎn)生的熱能用于發(fā)電。舉例：沒(méi)有項(xiàng)目利用的情況下，排放1噸甲烷，其溫室效應(yīng)約28噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量。有項(xiàng)目利用情況下，將1噸甲烷通過(guò)無(wú)焰氧化技術(shù)進(jìn)行回收利用，利用后產(chǎn)生2.8噸二氧化碳和水，其溫室效應(yīng)為2.8噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量。在有項(xiàng)目情況下大約減少25噸碳減排。

　　The principle of emission reduction is to completely burn methane and convert it into carbon dioxide and water, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions (the greenhouse gas effect produced by the same weight of methane is 28 times that of carbon dioxide). Baseline scenario: Direct discharge of low concentration gas and exhaust gas from coal mines. Project scenario: Utilizing low concentration gas and exhaust gas, decomposing and destroying them through a flameless oxidation device (RTO/RCO), or using the thermal energy generated after decomposition and destruction for power generation. For example, without project utilization, emitting 1 ton of methane has a greenhouse effect of approximately 28 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Under project utilization, 1 ton of methane is recovered and utilized through flameless oxidation technology, resulting in 2.8 tons of carbon dioxide and water, with a greenhouse effect of 2.8 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Reduce carbon emissions by approximately 25 tons under project conditions.

　　項(xiàng)目減排量來(lái)源：1、通過(guò)RTO蓄熱氧化裝置高溫分解直接排入大氣的甲烷，減少甲烷排放。2、可發(fā)電替代國(guó)家電網(wǎng)中火電發(fā)電部分的電量，減少化石能源發(fā)電排放。3、可余熱回收替代原有燃煤、燃?xì)夤?，減少化石能源供熱排放。

　　Source of project emission reduction: 1. Reduce methane emissions by decomposing methane directly into the atmosphere through RTO thermal storage oxidation device at high temperature. 2. It can replace the electricity generated by thermal power in the national power grid and reduce emissions from fossil fuel power generation. 3. Waste heat recovery can replace existing coal and gas heating, reducing emissions from fossil energy heating.

　　項(xiàng)目適用條件1、煤礦種類為井工煤礦（不包括廢棄或關(guān)閉的井工煤礦）。2、從瓦斯抽采泵站抽采輸出的低濃度瓦斯的甲烷體積濃度不得超過(guò)8%。若體積濃度超過(guò)8%，則不影響適用性，但這部分時(shí)段抽采的甲烷不計(jì)算減排量。3、項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)收集的低濃度瓦斯和風(fēng)排瓦斯應(yīng)通過(guò)：（1）無(wú)焰氧化裝置（RTO/RCO）進(jìn)行無(wú)焰氧化銷毀；（2）生產(chǎn)電力、動(dòng)力、熱力方式全部利用或者全部消除，不得排空。4、從瓦斯抽采泵站抽采輸出的瓦斯不能摻其他禁止排放的瓦斯。減排收益預(yù)估  以年產(chǎn)120萬(wàn)噸的煤礦，風(fēng)排瓦斯?jié)舛?.3%，風(fēng)量5300 Nm3/min為例。通過(guò)蓄熱氧化技術(shù)處理風(fēng)排瓦斯，年銷毀瓦斯純量為8,357,040m3。換算成質(zhì)量為5599噸甲烷。

　　Project applicable condition 1: The type of coal mine is an underground coal mine (excluding abandoned or closed underground coal mines). 2. The methane volume concentration of low concentration gas extracted from the gas extraction pump station shall not exceed 8%. If the volume concentration exceeds 8%, it does not affect the applicability, but the methane extracted during this period will not be counted as emission reduction. 3. The low concentration gas and exhaust gas collected during project activities should be destroyed by flameless oxidation through: (1) flameless oxidation device (RTO/RCO); (2) The production of electricity, power, and heat shall be fully utilized or completely eliminated, and shall not be emptied. 4. The gas extracted from the gas extraction pump station cannot be mixed with other prohibited gases. The estimated emission reduction benefits are based on a coal mine with an annual output of 1.2 million tons, an exhaust gas concentration of 0.3%, and an air volume of 5300 Nm3/min. By using thermal storage oxidation technology to treat exhaust gas, the annual net amount of destroyed gas is 8357040m3. Converted to a mass of 5599 tons of methane.

　　收益，項(xiàng)目實(shí)施后，每年可以申請(qǐng)CCER約14萬(wàn)噸CCER，項(xiàng)目計(jì)入期10年，按自愿碳市場(chǎng)交易價(jià)60元/噸計(jì)算，可以獲得840萬(wàn)元/年的收益，10年總收益8400萬(wàn)元。

　　After the implementation of the project, approximately 140000 tons of CCER can be applied for annually. The project is included in the calculation period of 10 years, and based on the voluntary carbon market trading price of 60 yuan/ton, a profit of 8.4 million yuan/year can be obtained, with a total profit of 84 million yuan over 10 years.

　　成本，建設(shè)成本：本風(fēng)排瓦斯處理項(xiàng)目需投入蓄熱氧化裝置設(shè)備、后期運(yùn)營(yíng)維修、用電等，約4000萬(wàn)元。CCER開(kāi)發(fā)：項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)審定、減排量監(jiān)測(cè)和核證約200萬(wàn)?？偝杀炯s4200萬(wàn)。

　　Cost, construction cost: This air exhaust gas treatment project requires investment in thermal storage oxidation equipment, later operation and maintenance, electricity, etc., totaling approximately 40 million yuan. CCER development: Approximately 2 million yuan for project development approval, emission reduction monitoring, and verification. The total cost is approximately 42 million.

　　項(xiàng)目總利潤(rùn)約4200萬(wàn)。

　　The total profit of the project is about 42 million yuan.

　　合作模式模式一：技術(shù)服務(wù)。設(shè)備由煤礦業(yè)主購(gòu)買，我方提供技術(shù)支持，收取服務(wù)費(fèi)。

　　Collaboration Mode One: Technical Services. The equipment is purchased by the coal mine owner, and we provide technical support and charge a service fee.

　　模式二：聯(lián)合開(kāi)發(fā)。通過(guò)CCER項(xiàng)目合作，煤礦業(yè)主無(wú)需投入資金，由我方投資建設(shè)蓄熱氧化設(shè)備，產(chǎn)生蒸汽、熱水或電力，以市場(chǎng)價(jià)格銷售給煤礦業(yè)主。開(kāi)發(fā)CCER項(xiàng)目銷售碳資產(chǎn)獲得收益，雙方按約定比例進(jìn)行收益分配，項(xiàng)目計(jì)入期10年。

　　Mode 2: Joint development. Through the CCER project cooperation, coal mine owners do not need to invest funds. We will invest in the construction of thermal storage oxidation equipment to generate steam, hot water, or electricity, which will be sold to coal mine owners at market prices. The CCER project is developed to sell carbon assets and generate profits. Both parties will distribute the profits according to the agreed proportion, and the project will be recorded for a period of 10 years.

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