生物質能源是人類直接的能源，在18世紀大規(guī)模地利用煤燃料以前，人類主要依靠木材作燃料。生物質所蘊藏的能量是相當驚人的，根據(jù)生物學家估算，地球上每年生長的生物質能總量約1400-1800億噸（干重），相當于目前世界總能耗的10倍。我國的生物質能也極為豐富，例如現(xiàn)在每年的秸稈量約8億噸左右，相當于5億噸左右標煤。柴薪和林業(yè)廢棄物數(shù)量也很大，林業(yè)廢棄物（不包括炭薪林），每年約達3700m3，相當于2000萬噸標煤。
Biomass energy is a direct source of energy for humans. Before large-scale utilization of coal fuel in the 18th century, humans mainly relied on wood as fuel. The energy stored in biomass is quite amazing. According to biologists' estimates, the total amount of biomass energy grown on the Earth each year is about 1400-180 billion tons (dry weight), equivalent to 10 times the current world's total energy consumption. China is also extremely rich in biomass energy, for example, the annual amount of straw is about 800 million tons, equivalent to about 500 million tons of standard coal. The amount of firewood and forestry waste is also large, with forestry waste (excluding charcoal forest) reaching approximately 3700m3 per year, equivalent to 20 million tons of standard coal.
生物質燃燒是傳統(tǒng)的利用方式，但是熱效率低下，而且勞動強度大，污染嚴重。通過生物質能轉換技術可以高效地利用生物質能源，生產各種清潔燃料，代替煤炭、石油和天然氣等燃料；還可以用來生產電力，減少對礦物能源的依賴，保護國家能源資源，減輕能源消費給環(huán)境造成的污染。
Biomass combustion is a traditional utilization method, but its thermal efficiency is low, labor intensity is high, and pollution is serious. Biomass energy conversion technology can efficiently utilize biomass energy to produce various clean fuels, replacing fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas; It can also be used to produce electricity, reduce dependence on mineral energy, protect national energy resources, and reduce environmental pollution caused by energy consumption.

生物質氣化是指在無氧或缺氧的高溫環(huán)境下，使生物質固體原料發(fā)生熱分解或不完全燃燒而轉化為生物質燃氣的熱化學轉化過程。在農村活上，生物質燃氣可以用于做飯或者冬季供暖；在工業(yè)上，生物質燃氣可以直接驅動工業(yè)鍋爐生產蒸汽。凈化后的生物質燃氣還可以帶動發(fā)電機組發(fā)電，為缺乏電力的地區(qū)供電。
Biomass gasification refers to a thermochemical conversion process that converts biomass solid feedstock into biomass gas through thermal decomposition or incomplete combustion in a high temperature environment without oxygen or oxygen deficiency. In rural areas, biomass gas can be used for cooking or winter heating; In industry, biomass gas can directly drive industrial boilers to produce steam. Purified biomass gas can also drive power generation units to generate electricity for areas lacking electricity.
生物質氣化發(fā)電工藝流程
Biomass gasification power generation process flow
生物質氣化技術改變了傳統(tǒng)直接燃燒生物質來獲取能量的方式，通過氣化技術，將生物質轉變?yōu)榍鍧嵉目扇細怏w，大大提高生物質能源的使用范圍。生物質氣化技術有以下獨特優(yōu)勢：
Biomass gasification technology has changed the traditional way of directly burning biomass to obtain energy. Through gasification technology, biomass is transformed into clean combustible gas, greatly improving the range of use of biomass energy. Biomass gasification technology has the following unique advantages:
大量性和普遍性：生物質是一種到處都有的，普遍而廉價的能源，取材容易，生產過程簡單。
Massiveness and universality: Biomass is a ubiquitous and inexpensive energy source that is easy to obtain and simple to produce.
可再生性：生物質能是一種理想的可再生能源。只要太陽輻射能存在，綠色植物的光合作用就不會停止，生物質能就永遠不會枯竭。
Renewableity: Biomass energy is an ideal renewable energy source. As long as solar radiation energy exists, the photosynthesis of green plants will not stop, and biomass energy will never be exhausted.
環(huán)保性：用生物質能作為能源，可以減少對環(huán)境的污染。生物質原料主要是農林廢棄物，堆放腐爛會污染環(huán)境，滋生細菌，蚊蟲，產生硫化氫和甲烷等有害有臭味的氣體，既占用土地資源又污染環(huán)境。
Environmental friendliness: Using biomass energy as energy can reduce environmental pollution. Biomass raw materials are mainly agricultural and forestry wastes, which can pollute the environment by piling up and rotting, breeding bacteria, mosquitoes, and producing harmful and odorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide and methane, both occupying land resources and polluting the environment.
清潔性：用生物質發(fā)電，利用的是植物體內的有機物質，系統(tǒng)排放的二氧化碳會被下一季的植物生長所吸收，所以并沒有增加大氣中二氧化碳的含量，可以實現(xiàn)二氧化碳的“零排放”。
Cleanliness: Using biomass for power generation utilizes organic substances in plants. The carbon dioxide emitted by the system will be absorbed by the growth of plants in the next season, so it does not increase the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and can achieve "zero emissions" of carbon dioxide.
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