一、排煙系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1、 Smoke exhaust system structure

　　1、隔熱層為避免機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)溫度過(guò)高，惡化發(fā)電機(jī)組正常的工作環(huán)境和避免操作人員燙傷，以及減少發(fā)電機(jī)組排氣系統(tǒng)和增壓器的機(jī)械噪聲，機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)的排氣系統(tǒng)應(yīng)全部做有效的絕熱隔聲包扎。

　　1. The insulation layer should be effectively wrapped to prevent excessive temperature in the computer room, deterioration of the normal working environment of the generator set, and to prevent burns to operators, as well as to reduce mechanical noise from the exhaust system and turbocharger of the generator set.

　　2、防雨帽排氣管最外端出口處應(yīng)做防雨水處理，如將管口下切出一個(gè)角度適宜的傾斜角或加裝防雨帽等。

　　2. The outermost outlet of the exhaust pipe with a rainproof cap should be treated with rainproof water, such as cutting a suitable inclination angle from the pipe mouth or installing a rainproof cap.

　　3、彎頭排氣系統(tǒng)應(yīng)盡可能地減少?gòu)濐^數(shù)量和縮短排氣管的總長(zhǎng)度，否則就會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)電機(jī)組的排氣背壓增大，而使發(fā)電機(jī)組產(chǎn)生過(guò)多的功率損失，影響發(fā)電機(jī)組的正常運(yùn)行和降低發(fā)電機(jī)組的正常使用壽命。在合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)組技術(shù)資料中所提供的排氣管徑，一般是以排氣管總長(zhǎng)為6m、一個(gè)彎頭和一個(gè)消聲器為例的，在實(shí)際安裝時(shí)，當(dāng)排氣系統(tǒng)超出了所規(guī)定的長(zhǎng)度和彎頭的數(shù)量時(shí)，則應(yīng)適當(dāng)加大排氣管徑，增大的尺寸取決于排氣管總長(zhǎng)和彎頭的數(shù)量。一般地，排氣管每增長(zhǎng)6m，排氣管截面積應(yīng)加大4％～6％為宜。在計(jì)算排氣管的總長(zhǎng)時(shí)，應(yīng)將彎頭計(jì)算在內(nèi)，具體換算方法是：一個(gè)90°彎頭相當(dāng)于其外緣直徑的2.5～2.8倍的排氣管有效長(zhǎng)度。

　　3. The elbow exhaust system should minimize the number of elbows and shorten the total length of the exhaust pipe as much as possible, otherwise it will cause an increase in exhaust back pressure of the generator set, resulting in excessive power loss, affecting the normal operation of the generator set and reducing its normal service life. The exhaust pipe diameter provided in the technical data of the alloy tail gas generator set is generally taken as an example of a total exhaust pipe length of 6m, one elbow, and one muffler. In actual installation, when the exhaust system exceeds the specified length and number of elbows, the exhaust pipe diameter should be appropriately increased, and the size of the increase depends on the total length of the exhaust pipe and the number of elbows. Generally, for every 6m increase in the exhaust pipe, the cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe should be increased by 4% to 6%. When calculating the total length of the exhaust pipe, the elbow should be included. The specific conversion method is that a 90 ° elbow is equivalent to 2.5 to 2.8 times the effective length of the exhaust pipe's outer diameter.

　　4、波紋管從發(fā)電機(jī)組增壓器排氣總管接出的第一段管道，必須先接一個(gè)波紋管隔振，以避免合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的振動(dòng)通過(guò)排氣管向周圍傳遞，波紋管具有多個(gè)橫向波紋的圓柱形薄壁折皺的殼體，波紋管具有彈性，在壓力、軸向力、橫向力或彎矩作用下能產(chǎn)生位移。

　　4. The first section of the pipeline connected from the exhaust manifold of the turbocharger of the generator set must first be connected with a corrugated pipe for vibration isolation to prevent the vibration of the alloy exhaust generator set from being transmitted to the surroundings through the exhaust pipe. The corrugated pipe has a cylindrical thin-walled wrinkled shell with multiple transverse corrugations, and has elasticity. It can produce displacement under pressure, axial force, transverse force or bending moment.

　　5、消聲器裝設(shè)一個(gè)工業(yè)型消聲器，然后再加裝一個(gè)住宅型消聲器，這樣可有效地防止噪聲從排氣管向外傳播。

　　5. Install an industrial muffler and then add a residential muffler to effectively prevent noise from spreading outward from the exhaust pipe.

　　6、吊裝桿（減震吊架）排氣管第二段應(yīng)被彈性支承，以避免排氣管安裝不合理或發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行時(shí)，排氣系統(tǒng)因熱效應(yīng)而產(chǎn)生的相對(duì)位移引起的附加側(cè)應(yīng)力和壓應(yīng)力加到發(fā)電機(jī)組上。排氣管道的所有支承機(jī)構(gòu)和懸吊裝置均應(yīng)有一定的彈性，如圖3所示。吊裝桿的一端活動(dòng)連接兩個(gè)可組合成圓環(huán)的半圓環(huán)，半圓環(huán)上設(shè)置有彈簧連接壓塊，兩個(gè)半圓環(huán)組合成圓環(huán)后通過(guò)可拆卸連接固定。它可以吊裝消聲器，防止消聲器太重導(dǎo)致壓壞排煙管，同時(shí)可以緩沖消聲器的震動(dòng)，減少噪音。

　　6. The second section of the exhaust pipe of the lifting rod (shock-absorbing hanger) should be elastically supported to avoid additional lateral and compressive stresses caused by the relative displacement of the exhaust system due to thermal effects during the installation of the exhaust pipe or the operation of the generator set. All supporting mechanisms and suspension devices of the exhaust pipe should have a certain degree of elasticity, as shown in Figure 3. One end of the lifting rod is connected to two semi-circular rings that can be combined into a circular ring. The semi-circular rings are equipped with spring connection pressure blocks, and the two semi-circular rings are combined into a circular ring and fixed by a detachable connection. It can lift the muffler to prevent it from being too heavy and damaging the exhaust pipe, while also buffering the vibration of the muffler and reducing noise.

　　7、膨脹節(jié)排氣管引至屋頂高空排放，中間連接膨脹節(jié)，吸收氣管的伸縮變形。其作用如下：

　　7. The exhaust pipe of the expansion joint is led to the roof for high-altitude discharge, and the expansion joint is connected in the middle to absorb the expansion and contraction deformation of the air pipe. Its function is as follows:

　　（1）補(bǔ)償作用：由于熱脹冷縮等原因，在安裝過(guò)程中，管道不可避免地會(huì)產(chǎn)生變形，造成管道連接處滲漏。如果采用金屬波紋管補(bǔ)償器的話就可以起到一定的伸縮補(bǔ)償作用了。同時(shí)還可以降低噪音、減少震動(dòng)等危害性，延長(zhǎng)使用壽命。因此使用膨脹節(jié)對(duì)管道的保護(hù)是極為重要的。

　　(1) Compensation effect: Due to thermal expansion and contraction, the pipeline will inevitably deform during installation, causing leakage at the pipeline connection. If a metal bellows compensator is used, it can play a certain role in compensating for expansion and contraction. At the same time, it can also reduce noise, minimize vibration and other hazards, and extend the service life. Therefore, the use of expansion joints for pipeline protection is extremely important.

　?。?）密封作用：由于膨脹節(jié)的彈性元件具有較好的耐溫性能以及較大的比壓和良好的密封性能；另外其材料還具有較好的抗腐蝕性能及較高的強(qiáng)度等特性，用來(lái)取代法蘭接頭來(lái)消除管道因溫度差與機(jī)械振動(dòng)引起的接口滲漏問(wèn)題。

　　(2) Sealing function: Due to the excellent temperature resistance, high specific pressure, and good sealing performance of the elastic element of the expansion joint; In addition, its material also has good corrosion resistance and high strength, which can be used to replace flange joints to eliminate interface leakage problems caused by temperature differences and mechanical vibrations in pipelines.

　　（3）吸收位移：膨脹節(jié)安裝在管道上可以有效的防止因溫差造成的軸向伸縮及任意角度的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)或擺動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的軸向推力。對(duì)于有減震要求的管路系統(tǒng)尤其適用（如泵站排水閥），可大大降低管路系統(tǒng)的共振頻率和噪聲值（尤其是脈沖式阻尼減振裝置）。

　　(3) Absorption displacement: Installing expansion joints on pipelines can effectively prevent axial expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences, as well as axial thrust generated by rotational or swinging movements at any angle. Especially suitable for pipeline systems with shock absorption requirements (such as pump station drainage valves), it can greatly reduce the resonance frequency and noise value of the pipeline system (especially pulse damping vibration reduction devices).

　　（4）降噪作用：因?yàn)榕蛎浌?jié)的彈性元件具有良好的吸聲效果，所以它能有效地減小合金尾氣機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的噪聲污染量。

　　(4) Noise reduction effect: Because the elastic element of the expansion joint has good sound absorption effect, it can effectively reduce the noise pollution generated during the operation of the alloy exhaust fan.

　　8、排煙管道當(dāng)機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)有一臺(tái)以上發(fā)電機(jī)組時(shí)，每臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)組的排氣系統(tǒng)均應(yīng)獨(dú)立設(shè)計(jì)和安裝，絕不允許讓不同的發(fā)電機(jī)組共用一個(gè)排氣管，以避免發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行時(shí)，因不同發(fā)電機(jī)組的排氣壓力不同而引起的異常竄動(dòng)，增大排氣背壓和防止廢煙、廢氣通過(guò)共用管道回流，影響發(fā)電機(jī)組正常的功率輸出，以至引起發(fā)電機(jī)組的損壞。所有排氣管的壁厚應(yīng)不小于2mm，同時(shí)建議選用熱膨脹系數(shù)較小的鋼質(zhì)管。在可能的情況下，所有的排氣管均應(yīng)做絕熱隔聲包扎，特別是機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)和室外可能引起人員燙傷的管道必須包扎。排煙管道的布置如圖4所示。

　　8. When there are more than one generator set in the computer room, the exhaust system of each generator set should be independently designed and installed. It is not allowed for different generator sets to share the same exhaust pipe to avoid abnormal movement caused by different exhaust pressures of different generator sets during operation, increase exhaust back pressure, and prevent exhaust smoke and exhaust gas from flowing back through the shared pipeline, which will affect the normal power output of the generator set and even cause damage to the generator set. The wall thickness of all exhaust pipes should not be less than 2mm, and it is recommended to use steel pipes with lower thermal expansion coefficients. Whenever possible, all exhaust pipes should be wrapped with insulation and sound insulation, especially for pipes inside and outside the computer room that may cause burns to personnel. The layout of the smoke exhaust duct is shown in Figure 4.

　　二、排煙高度的規(guī)定

　　2、 Regulations on smoke exhaust height

　　1、小于560KW的要求對(duì)于額定凈功率不大于560千瓦的合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)，污染物排放適用《非道路移動(dòng)機(jī)械用合金尾氣機(jī)排氣污染物排放限值及測(cè)量方法(中國(guó)Ⅰ、Ⅱ階段)》（GB 20891-2007），對(duì)煙囪高度無(wú)明確要求。

　　1. For alloy tail gas generators with a rated net power not exceeding 560 kW, the pollutant emissions are subject to the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants of Alloy Tail Gas Generators for Non Road Mobile Machinery (China Stage I and II)" (GB 20891-2007), and there is no clear requirement for chimney height.

　　2、大于560KW的要求對(duì)于額定凈功率大于560千瓦的合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)，由于其煙氣排放不適用《非道路移動(dòng)機(jī)械用合金尾氣機(jī)排氣污染物排放限值及測(cè)量方法(中國(guó)Ⅰ、Ⅱ階段)》（GB 20891-2007），故仍應(yīng)按照國(guó)家環(huán)保部《關(guān)于合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)排氣執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的復(fù)函》（環(huán)函〔2005〕350號(hào)）要求，參照《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 16297-1996）對(duì)其排放的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、煙氣等污染物進(jìn)行控制。按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GB 16297-1996），其煙囪高度一般不應(yīng)低于15米，若必須低于15米時(shí)，其排放速率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GB 16297-1996）7.3的外推計(jì)算結(jié)果再嚴(yán)格50%執(zhí)行。

　　2. For alloy tail gas generators with a rated net power greater than 560 kW, as their exhaust emissions do not comply with the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants of Alloy Tail Gas Generators for Non Road Mobile Machinery (China Stage I and II)" (GB 20891-2007), they should still be controlled for pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and exhaust gas in accordance with the requirements of the "Reply to the Implementation Standards for Exhaust Gas of Alloy Tail Gas Generators" (Huan Han [2005] No. 350) issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and refer to the "Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants" (GB 16297-1996). According to the standard (GB 16297-1996), the chimney height should generally not be less than 15 meters. If it is necessary to be less than 15 meters, the emission rate standard value should be calculated strictly 50% based on the extrapolation result of standard (GB 16297-1996) 7.3.

　　3、尾氣處理裝置的要求以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)除對(duì)排氣筒高度有明確要求外，對(duì)污染物排放濃度和排放速率也有具體規(guī)定?？紤]到加高固定式合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)排氣筒高度會(huì)導(dǎo)致燃料燃燒不充分、增大污染物排放等現(xiàn)象，以及大功率合金尾氣機(jī)存在無(wú)法滿足排放速率限值的情況，建議目前固定式合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)污染物排放濃度按照氣污染物限值中的最高允許排放濃度指標(biāo)進(jìn)行控制，對(duì)排氣筒高度和排放速率暫不作要求。待國(guó)家固定式壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及設(shè)施排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出臺(tái)后，固定式合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)污染物排放按此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行。對(duì)于已批復(fù)環(huán)評(píng)的項(xiàng)目，建議按照原環(huán)境保護(hù)部關(guān)于印發(fā)環(huán)評(píng)管理中部分行業(yè)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目重大變動(dòng)清單的通知環(huán)辦，分析固定式合金尾氣發(fā)電機(jī)污染物排放方式變化是否屬于重大變化，并按相應(yīng)要求確定后續(xù)手續(xù)辦理方式。

　　3. The above standards not only have clear requirements for the height of the exhaust pipe, but also have specific regulations on the concentration and rate of pollutant emissions. Considering that increasing the height of the exhaust pipe of a fixed alloy tail gas generator can lead to insufficient fuel combustion and increased pollutant emissions, as well as the inability of high-power alloy tail gas engines to meet emission rate limits, it is recommended that the pollutant emission concentration of fixed alloy tail gas generators be controlled according to the maximum allowable emission concentration index in the gas pollutant limit, and there are no requirements for the height and emission rate of the exhaust pipe for the time being. After the national emission standards for fixed compression ignition engines and facilities are issued, the pollutant emissions of fixed alloy tail gas generators will be implemented according to this standard. For projects that have been approved for environmental impact assessment, it is recommended to follow the notice from the former Ministry of Environmental Protection on issuing a list of major changes in the environmental impact assessment management for some industry construction projects. Analyze whether the changes in the pollutant emission methods of fixed alloy tail gas generators belong to major changes, and determine the subsequent procedures according to the corresponding requirements.

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